Not about his travels but about the initial colonization of Australia with English convicts and their harsh treatment with the cat-o-nine-tails.  The British colony founded by Captain Cook in 1770 and the establishment of the Australian and Tasmanian penal colonies.  Twain then goes on to the corrupt "protection" organization, the New South Wales Corps and the setting of rum as the national currency.  The state of New South Wales, by the establishment of mining and wool ranching,  eventually developed into a thriving region.

Twain ends on a positive note with a listing of conditions current at the time of his visit there.